Effectiveness of prophylactic pancreatic stents in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in high-risk patients: a 16-year comprehensive study

Gregorios Paspatis; Ioannis Psaroudakis; Magdalini Velegraki; Maria Fragaki; Despoina-Eleni Arna; George Tribonias; Evangelos Voudoukis; Angeliki Theodoropoulou; Gregorios Chlouverakis; Emmanouil Vardas

Authors Gregorios Paspatis, Ioannis Psaroudakis, Magdalini Velegraki, Maria Fragaki, Despoina-Eleni Arna, George Tribonias, Evangelos Voudoukis, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Gregorios Chlouverakis, Emmanouil Vardas.

Abstract

Background Cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be technically challenging, especially when repeated unintended pancreatic duct cannulation occurs. We evaluated the effectiveness of prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) placement in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) under such conditions. This is the first comprehensive study of its kind conducted in Greece, and one of the few in Europe.

Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent their first ERCP between January 1, 2008, and March 1, 2024, and received a PS after inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation on 3 or more attempts. From 2015 onward, rectal diclofenac was administered to all patients as a preventive measure for PEP.

Results In a total of 6080 ERCP procedures, 421 patients met the inclusion criteria (46.1% male; mean age 67.8±15.8 years). The most common indications were choledocholithiasis (57.7%), malignant obstruction (26.6%), and benign CBD strictures (5.7%). Successful CBD cannulation during the initial session was achieved in 86.4% of cases. Additional techniques included transpancreatic sphincterotomy (2.6%) and needle-knife precut (1.4%). A second ERCP was performed in 7.8% of cases, achieving successful CBD cannulation in all. PEP occurred in 4.9% of patients, with severe cases accounting for only 0.7%. PEP was significantly more frequent in women (P=0.001), while diclofenac did not significantly reduce its incidence (P=0.4). There were 3 deaths, 1 related to PEP (0.2%).

Conclusion PS placement effectively reduces severe PEP risk following difficult CBD cannulation and supports high success rates in repeat ERCP, while diclofenac showed no significant additional benefit.

Keywords Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, pancreatitis, pancreatic stents, prevention

Ann Gastroenterol 2025; 38 (5): 570-576